The Vietnam War A Brief Analysis - 1396 Words

Time does not heal all wounds, though it does impose fresh ones that require consideration. Still, even though the Cold War is over, there are many reasons why the history of the Vietnam War should remain fresh and the effort to grasp both the war and the antiwar opposition remain essential. The Vietnam War is, of course, an episode in military history. The episode’s setting is during the Cold War in Vietnam and the central theme of the episode was to pit capitalism and or democracy against communism. In light of this, the movement against the Vietnam War could be said as one of the greatest triumphs in democracy. The war’s purpose was to instill democracy, yet the war was waged with a lack of a constitutional warrant. In an authoritarian†¦show more content†¦The Vietnam War saw the highest proportion of blacks ever to serve in an American war. This is where many analysts including Scott Gartner and Gary Segura in their study titled, â€Å"Race, Casualties, a nd Opinion in the Vietnam War,† agree that the high minority draftees was a source of discontent amongst the African American community. Martin Luther King famously described the Vietnam conflict as racist and a â€Å"white man’s war, a black man’s fight.† King maintained that black youths represented a disproportionate share of early draftees and that African Americans faced a much greater chance of seeing combat. Based upon this information, an assumption could be made that the draft itself posed a major concern because of the overwhelming inequalities. Gartner and Segura noted that Selective Service regulations offered deferments for college attendance and a variety of essential civilian occupations that favored middle and upper-class whites. Therefore, the vast majority of draftees were poor, undereducated, and urban workers or unemployed. Not only did this anger the African American community, but the unfairness of the draft struck a chord with anot her minority, the women. In David Bender’s, The Vietnam War: Opposing Viewpoints, Bender discussesShow MoreRelatedVietnam War Outcome Influenced by the Media1510 Words   |  7 PagesTerm 3 Paper: The Media and Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a war of mass destruction, leaving Vietnam to become bitterly divided and claiming the many lives of Vietnamese civilians as well as American soldiers. Out of all the wars in American history, the Vietnam War was the first war to be broadly televised and covered by the media. It came to be known as the first â€Å"Television War†. Journalists began to pour into Vietnam from all over the nation, to cover the lives of the American Soldiers asRead MoreWorld War II : The Great People s War1529 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II (The Great People’s War) was of deep importance to the formation of today’s international relations system, however the following periods after this war between the greatest powers in the world are also of great significance. The analysis of those periods and their impact on world history will be the first approach of this assessment. It is important to clarify that these periods cannot be annualized as isolated events tha t happened in History, but related events that in a way or anotherRead MoreLeadership Styles of Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagesmobilize support for their initiatives? Why, in Vietnam, was personal leadership so very important? Refer to specific examples Introduction The Geneva Accords that took place in 1954 put an end to the First Indochina War and the beginning of two Vietnamese territories separated by a line of demarcation at 17th parallel: The Communist North or Democratic Republic of Vietnam with its capital in Hanoi and the Anti-Communist South or Republic of Vietnam with its capital in Saigon. Ho Chi Minh wasRead MoreThe Effect of Vietnam War on the Soldiers1679 Words   |  7 Pages The Vietnam War was the longest and the most unpopular American war of the twentieth century. The United States was involve in the Vietnam from 1944 to 1973, but it was only during the last years that the U.S deployed ground troops (Lawrence 1). For the first time the United states was the aggressor. Vietnam is situated thousands of miles from the United States, so Vietnam was not a direct threat to the United States’ safety. The Vietnam leader Ho Chi Minh seem to look up to the United States,Read MoreShould the United States have Mandatory Military Conscription?966 Words   |  4 Pagesconscription or a â€Å"draft† was in effect. The United States, up until the Civil War, rarely kept nor desired a standing Army. Relying on individual state militia’s, the forerunner of today’s National Guard, was the norm for supplying a fighting force when needed. Nonetheless the only major conflict between the Civil War and the first Persian Gulf War that did not have compulsory military service was the Spanish American war. (Bandow 1) The inequity of the Union draft requirement instituted by CongressRead MoreWhat Was The Cold War?1726 Words   |  7 Pageswas the Cold War?† HIS 122-DS11. December 9, 2014. Katrina Dillow â€Æ' What was the Cold War? When did it happen? Who was involved? What happened during the Cold War? The main focus of this paper is to open the realization that the Cold War was not what most people believe it to be, a short period of time when no conflicts actually took place. In reality, the Cold War took place over a period of more than 30 years and involved considerable death and destruction. What was the Cold War? This questionRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Policies Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pageseffects and changes of endogenous inside the government of the United States. Outstanding assertions like the policies of Monroe, intercontinental encounters such as the Second World War, War of the Spanish and Americans, and the cold war and also conflicts that were termed as local including the Korean War and the Vietnam War considerably shaped the American foreign policy (Kissinger et al., 1969). The recent occurrences such as the 11th September 2001, epitomized the important exogenous watershed whichRead MorePatterns in Strategy Formation1504 Words   |  7 Pagesshows how the definition leads to the choice of a research methodology. Following this, he details the four steps of research methodology. With to completed, major studies about two organizations (Volkswagenwerk and the United States government in Vietnam) Mintzberg analyzes three central themes. The first is that strategy formation can be viewed as the interplay between a dynamic environment and bureaucratic momentum, with leadership mediating between the two. Second, that strategy formation overRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy During The United States Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pageseffects and changes of endogenous inside the government of the United States. Outstanding assertions like the policies of Monroe, intercontinental encounters such as the Second World War, War of the Spanish and Americans, and the cold war and also conflicts that were termed as local including the Korean War and the Vietnam War considerably shaped the American foreign policy (Kissinger et al., 1969). The recent occurrences such as the 11th September 2001, epitomized the important exogenous watershed whichRead MoreBusiness: Axe Commercial Research Essays1132 Words   |  5 Pagescan submit photos of themselves kissing to Axe, and the best photos are being broadcast on electronic billboards in Times Square (time.com). The Commercial and it overviews The Axe 2014 commercial advertisement which named â€Å"Make Love, not War† was shot in Bangkok was developed by British advertising agency Bartle Bogle Hegarty (time.com). It is believed that a huge number of people watched this advertisement during the commercial time of Super Bowl 2014 which is a big event for Americans

Auteurs Theory and Stanley Kubrick - 1167 Words

Introduction In this essay there will be attempted to establish Stanley Kubrick as one of the world’s best directors by using the auteur theory witch elevates a director as not just a member of the film crew but as the artist bringing his personal style and personality to a film. Kubrick’s work will be analysed in accordance with the auteur theory in other to establish that he is one of the best directors in the industry. The auteur theory makes it possible for a film to be more than a collaborative industrial project but makes it possible for a film to be identified by its director who is seen by the auteur theory as its ultimate creator (turner 2009:53). According to Kael (1963:12) There are three premises to the auteur theory the†¦show more content†¦He uses contrasting colours to enhance the visual impact of scenes in his film, using primary colours to draw attention to objects. Kubrick’s use of colour gives his film a toy like surreal atmosphere. In the shining Kubrick uses shocking colours in the individual rooms of the hotel and the carpeting of the hallways witch contrast with the frightening dark feel of the film. In 2001: a space odyssey the film explores the complicated theme of the evolution of the human mind but the use of playful primary colours gives an uneasy feel too the film.(authentic society) Interior meaning in Kubrick films Kubrick explores deep into the philosophy about morality, his films are character studies about the workings of the modern man. According to Feldmann( 1976: 12) With a Clockwork orange, 2001: A Space odyssey and Barry Lyndon Kubrick constructs a trilogy exploring the moral and psychological nature of the modern western man and the nature of the future the western civilization is moving towards. Kubrick’s films can create a level of confusion. Feldmann (1976:12) states that his work is technically brilliant and praised by film critics but is often seen as without any real substance, he leaves his film critics yawing. According to Feldmann(1976:12) â€Å"Stanley Kubrick apparently has nothing clear, profound or interesting to say but he says it magnificently† Feldmann continues stating that the character studies and studies into humanShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Auteur Theory: Stanley Kubrick1209 Words   |  5 PagesAuteur Theory is based on three premises, the first being technique, the second being personal style, and the third being interior meaning. Furthermore, there is no specific order in which these three aspects must be presented or weighted with regard to a film. An Auteur must give films a distinctive quality thus exerting a personal creative vision and interjecting it into the his or her films. Kubrick made his first film in 1953 and has continued to make films till his death shortly afterRead More Kubrick Lives Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesKubrick Lives The theory of authorship as applied to film directors is a subject that is argued extensively throughout the film world. The auteur theory was first introduced in the French film journal Cahiers du Cinema. Andrew Sarris who suggested that there are a group of filmmakers who fit into this category brought the theory to America. It states that in order for a director to be considered an auteur, there must be a consistency of style and theme across a number of films. Very few contemporaryRead More Stan the man kubrick Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesStan the man kubrick It is easy to look into the eyes of a motion picture and dissect it for its form, style, underlying meanings, and other characteristics that separate it from a film and a classic. There are concrete elements that can be found in all classics that make it such a powerful and remarkable work. One of these elements is undoubtedly the concept of the auteur theory. The Auteur theory is described as a filmmaker, usually a director, who exercises creative control over his orRead MoreAn Analysis of the Opening Sequence of Stanley Kubricks ‘Eyes Wide Shut’ Focusing on the Use of Generic Conventions1735 Words   |  7 PagesAn analysis of the opening sequence of Stanley Kubrick’s ‘Eyes Wide Shut’ focusing on the use of generic conventions We frequently consider films in terms of their genre, a French word meaning ‘kind’ or ‘sort’. It is a very complex term, not only used in film but also in other creative areas such as music, art, and literature. However, it is often considered through various conventions including iconography, similar themes and their stylistic features, as Bordwell and Thompson (2006:357) suggestRead MoreIs Christopher Nolan A Modern Hollywood Auteur?1497 Words   |  6 Pagesmovie, Inception, The Guardian ran an article comparing Christopher Nolan to famed Hollywood auteur, Stanley Kubrick. Most readers subsequently reacted negatively to the article’s central premise. However, The Guardian’s readers concurrently began pondering another question: is Christopher Nolan a modern Hollywood auteur? According to many scholastic sources, Nolan should not even be considered for auteur status. Most of these naysayers point out that six of his eight feature films h ave been remakesRead MoreStanley Kubrick Essay1863 Words   |  8 PagesStanley Kubrick is one of the most influential and daring filmmakers to ever put his mark on the silver screen. He has created a large body of very influential works spanning several decades and many genres. Throughout his whole collection there are many elements which are repeatedly used to enhance the viewers experience. There are also many recurring themes in Kubricks works that are commented on both by the context in which they are brought forth and the techniques used to expound upon thoseRead MoreEssay on The Romantic Notion of a Film Director 2217 Words   |  9 Pagestheir film work, and whether the theory and practice is dead and an infringement of the spectator’s imagination and is it the spectator who finds meaning in the film. I will be closely looking at critical material, primarily Andrà © Bazin and Roland Barthes and applying them to several case study films directed by Christopher No lan including The Following (1998), The Prestige (2006) and Inception (2010), to examine whether Nolan possesses the qualities of an auteur and if so, does that imply an ideologicalRead MoreThe Utilisation Of Symmetry Within Filmmaking1645 Words   |  7 Pagesof being a respected director in the film industry. Anderson’s reason behind using symmetry instead of other filmic techniques will also be explored, as information as to why he feels so creatively attached to symmetry will be identified. As an auteur, Anderson’s distinctive style and emphasis on formalism (focusing his designs around colour, line, shape and textures) has allowed him to continuously create beautifully staged feature films that support and drive his overall narratives. Noteworthy

Body Shop Evolution of Business in Society - 5167 Words

THE BODY SHOP The Evolution of Business in Society No longer are business and community two mutually exclusive spheres of influence in the society today. Increasingly, the trend in companies is to be actively engaged in corporate social initiatives with community involvement. Multinationals like Microsoft, BP, and McDonalds have come to appreciate the benefits reaped from successful integration of corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts into their core business units, which serve as a powerful competitive edge over other companies. The competitive nature of business has very much remained. However, the fundamental role of business in society has evolved over the years. Within a company, there are employers, managers and†¦show more content†¦In the following sections, the group will outline and analyze the various environmental, social and community efforts taken by The Body Shop International as well as The Body Shop Singapore and Asia Pacific, which we group under the five core val ues stated by The Body Shop. 1. Against Animal Testing The Body Shop operates on a strict purchasing rule that ensures they do not buy any ingredient that has been animal tested for cosmetic purposes by their suppliers since 31 December 1990. The Body Shop informs the public and campaigns to ban cosmetics tests on animals. Instead of testing on animals, The Body Shop supports the use and development of alternative technologies like Irritection, a replacement for the rabbit eye test, and human volunteer trials such as skin patch tests assists The Body Shop in ensuring safety and efficacy. In 1986, The Body Shop launched its first window campaign in support of the Greenpeace campaign, Save the Whale. Since then, The Body Shop has actively undertaken several campaigns to protect endangered species. In 1990, The Body Shop raised public awareness against animal testing through its series of campaigns. In 1995, The Body Shop became the first cosmetic company to have their Against Animal Testing supplier-monitoring systems independently audited and successfully certified against the ISO9002 quality assurance standard. In November 1996, The Body Shop was the first international cosmetic companyShow MoreRelatedMarketing Management Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. (Kotler et al, 2003:13). Marketing is a key aspect within a business and has several different functions. Some of these functions include, research, analysis, promotion, pricing and distribution. These functions l ead into the evolution of the five alternative concepts under which organisations conduct marketing activities. The concepts include the production concept, the product concept, the sellingRead MoreComparative analysis Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Comparative Analysis of Josie Appleton’s article â€Å"The Body Piercing Project† and Bonnie Berkowitz’ â€Å"Tattooing Outgrows Its Renegade Image to Thrive In The Mainstream†. Traditionally, tattoos were meant for sailors, soldiers, bikers and gangs. Along with several changes in the industrialized and technological society of the twenty-first century, the standard for getting body modifications have altered as well. Everyday, people are willing to get permanently marked as an individual choice ratherRead MoreSocial Responsibility, Consumerism, and the Marketing Concept4723 Words   |  19 Pagesresponsibility of business is the concomitant diminishment of free consumer choice. Moreover, this obstruction of consumer discretion is the inevitable consequence of presumptions of consumer irrationality. Thus, while groups such as consumerists have often criticized marketers explicitly for rejecting notions of consumer rationality, these same groups and sentiments have forcefully promoted the social responsibility of business and the societal marketing concept as advancements in business thought andRead Morecell phones: how have they changed us socially927 Words   |  4 Pagesradically reenvisions this much misunderstood field by taking a holistic approach. Dr. Matà © presents addiction not as a discrete phenomenon confined to an unfortunate or weakwilled few, but as a continuum that runs throughout (and perhaps underpins) our society; not a medical condition distinct from the lives it affects, rather the result of a complex interplay among personal history, emotional, and neurological development, brain chemistry, and the drugs (and behaviors) of addiction. SimplifyingRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Computer In Business1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of computers in business and research has completely changed the way society operated decades ago. The purpose of this article is to discuss three advantages and disadvantages of the Information System in Business that I have experienced and the consequences of using computers; as well as a brief acknowledgement on computer ethics and the impact of computers in society. Research findings indicate that the use of computers do pose positive effects on the continuous achievements of numerousRead MoreThe Body Shop, Corporate Social Responsibility Essay6824 Words   |  28 PagesResponsibility Analysis of The Body Shop Date 29 January 2010 Word Count 5477 Grade 75% Table of Contents Preamble 1 Introduction 1 Corporate Social Responsibility 2 Opposition to Animal Testing 3 Support for Community Trade 6 Environmental Protection 9 Evaluation 11 Conclusion 13 References 16 Appendix 1 20 Preamble The objective of this piece of work is to undertake a critical analysis of the cosmetics company The Body Shop, in terms of its philosophyRead MoreA Call For Action By Anita Roddick1648 Words   |  7 PagesAnita Roddick, founder of the Body Shop relates, The business of business should not be about money. It should be about responsibility. It should be about public good, not private greed† (Selko, 2015). Very often when one thinks of the image and mantra of today’s corporate culture in American, one may visualize the character, Gordon Gekko, a fictional character in the 1987 film Wall Street who espoused the belief that, â€Å"Greed was good† and â€Å"The new law of evolution in corporate America seems toRead MoreThe Discovery of Penicillin1750 Words   |  7 PagesFleming stated: â€Å"The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops. Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily under dose himself and, by exposing his mic robes to nonlethal quantities of the drug, make them resistant,† (Henry). This statement has held true and now has come to pass, penicillin has saved more lives than any other drug, but the overuse of penicillin has now caused our bodies to become resistant to the medical miracle (Wilson). The first release of penicillinRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility, By Chantelle Daka Id Number2756 Words   |  12 Pagescentral area in business decision making (Cochran, 2007). According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2014) CSR is described as the ongoing commitment by organisations/businesses to contribute to the economic development while improving the quality of life of the stake holders as well as the community and society as a whole. CSR involves organisations going beyond focusing entirely on how to maximize profits, to being more committed to building a better society. Social progressRead MoreFashion in the 1920s1245 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s Fashion in the 1920’s Fashion became a large influence on women in the 1920’s. This allowed women to become independent and free from the society. Many designers such as, Coco Chanel, Jeanne Lanvin and Salvatore Ferragamo have made an enormous impact on the evolution of women’s clothing. Styles of clothing have changed overtime, especially during the 1920’s era. During this time, hemlines became shorter, clothing was more revealing, women dressed freely and the sophistication and elegance

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1544 Words

Throughout both novels, the reader sees a motif which is that of corruption. Corruption is dishonest or fraudulent conduct. The Great Gatsby is a book about love, corruption and the American dream. We find this through the eyes of the narrator of the story Nick Carraway, who is the cousin of Daisy and a character within the novel. Daisy is married to Tom, and even though Daisy knows that Tom has affairs behind her back she still stays marries to the man. However Jay Gatsby, whom the book is revolved around, was once a part of Daisy’s life before he had to head off to the war. Never the less Gatsby returned and tries his best in order to regain the love of Daisy. However the novel divides Gatsby and Daisy by the social class of ‘old money’†¦show more content†¦Through the dissection of the corruption within both books, the reader finds that Fitzgerald portrays his ideals in many ways during the time of the ‘roaring 20’s’ and it’s moral and social segregation. Never the less the exploration of symbolism. An example of the corruption within the Great Gatsby is when Nick (narrator of the story) tells us â€Å"Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to this book, was exempt from my reaction—Gatsby, who represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn†. Nick is telling us that even once he had left East Egg and the troubles of the West Eggers, the one person whom was exempt from his disgust of being corrupted by their social class was Gatsby. This shows the reader that there is more to Gatsby than that which meets the eye and that even though he had all of the money in the world, the one thing that could possibly corrupt him was Daisy, by their love which is ironic as love stands to be the most ironic answer to someone’s downfall. However if we look at that of Enduring Love where it says A little later we were back in our seats, leaning over the table like dedicated craftsmen at work† the reader gets the feeling that to a certain extent Joe and Clarr issa, are not corrupted due to the fact that when comparing ideas and thoughts they believe themselves to be that of middle class workers showing that they are very similar to that of what Gatsby started off to be, a very humble beginnings and

For the love of music Essay Example For Students

For the love of music Essay How music affects peoples moods Music can change a persons mood in few seconds, let him recall a certain past situation that happened to him clearly and can change his mental state. Even though most people believe that motivating music will motivate the person who listens to them still there are certain points that if were not taken into consideration then the motivating music will have no good impact on the persons mood or can even have a negative impact!! Hove you ever asked yourself why do you sometimes listen to the same music that used to motivate you without being motivated? Have oh ever asked yourself why does the same musical track impact you differently when you listen to it at different times? Music affects the mood and your mood affects the music Which states that a person will feel like listening to something that represents his internal state the most. Thats why lovers like romantic music, angry people like rock and happy people like techno. (if you were feeling a bit motivated then listening to a motivating song will certainly give your motivation levels a good boost while if you were down you are less likely to respond to a motivating song because it doesnt reflect your internal state!! I know this sounds weird but you have to listen to motivating music while you are motivated in order for it to affect your mood and to increase your motivation levels!! This doesnt mean that a motivating song cant lift your mood but it only means that it will multiply your motivation levels. If you were really down and depressed then a motivating song might not affect you at all because it will find no motivation to multiply!! So the conclusion is, Music affects peoples moods and peoples moods affect the music!! Music is not to blame Look, Im 15 now, Ive been listening to rap music since I was 6, and I have NEVER omitted any crime.

Fiduciary Duty of the Directors-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Fiduciary duty of the Director that they owe to the Company. Answer: Why the report According to the prevailing ideology of shareholder primacy most of the Boards of Directors believe that they are prevented from considering the stakeholders other than the shareholders while determining the material issues and reporting or strategy. Research shows that the prevailing legal foundations for the Board of Directors require the directors to take the stakeholders into consideration (Bromiley et al. 2015). In this report, we discuss about the fiduciary duty of the directors and to whom the directors owe their duties; the significance of materiality in corporate governance shall be reviewed and the audience-focused materiality determination approach shall also be reviewed. Background It is a universally existing ideology that the fiduciary duties of the directors require them to give more priority to the interest of the shareholders as compared to the stakeholders. However, research shows that this is an ideology and not law (Eccles and Youmans 2016). Shareholder value is the consequence of the use of the capitals by the company and it is not an objective of the company. The providers of the financial capital and the shareholders are one addressees of the corporation. As the company assembles manufactured, financial, human, social relationship, natural capital and intellectual, each capital has one or more stakeholders who have an interest in this type of capital. The ideology of shareholders primacy is rejected in most of the countries as they consider that the directors do not owe their fiduciary duties only to the shareholders. Being a separate legal entity, a corporation has mainly two essential objectives: to thrive and survive. While the shareholders delegate their stakes to the Board of Directors in a corporation, the shareholders are comprises just one of the addressees among others that the board may consider while making decisions on behalf of the Corporation (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). In every jurisdiction worldwide, the Board of Directors owes primary duty to the Corporation itself owing to its separate legal entity. In no jurisdiction, the duty of the directors to the shareholders is not higher than the duty that the Board of Directors owes to the corporation itself. The stakeholders may include other financial stakeholders including the NGOs, suppliers, customers who represent various concerns of the society. Therefore, irrespect ive of the size of the corporation, the Directors must take into consideration the preferences of the several audiences while making choices with respect to the significance of such audiences. Purpose and Scope The Boards of a corporation often spends most of its time developing strategies or crisis management plans and reviewing risks. In other words, the Boards are engaged in building mechanisms to safeguard the corporation or strengthen the ability of the corporation to respond any threatening events. Besides this role, the Directors owe fiduciary duties towards the organization as well which requires them to act in the best interests of the corporation and its members including the shareholders (Eccles and Youmans 2016). A director is under statutory obligation to perform its fiduciary duties under the Corporation Act 2001 (Cth). The director is required to act honestly and in good faith and, they are required to give more priority to the interests of the company against their individual interests. The directors owe its duties toward the corporation and the directors must give priority to the company first irrespective of the fact that several situations might arise where the interests of the third parties must be taken into account but above all the Board must ensure that their primary duty is towards the corporate person itself (Larcker and Tayan 2015). The corporate privilege of separate legal entity that is granted by the society, a corporation disembarks at its own legal identity which is distinct from its shareholders, managers, employees and other stakeholders, which makes it capable to survive several generations. However, the fact that the company makes decision only considering the choices of the shareholders is only an ideology and not law. A company must focus on significant audiences while determining issues that are material to the ability of the corporation to sustain itself for a stipulated period of time. Problems Since the ideology shareholder primacy has been perceived universally as a statutory requirement, the directors have not considered the full array of potential audiences who are the significant to the corporation. Solution The relevance of materiality in corporate governance is time frame and audience dependent and is ultimately based on the decision of the Board of Directors. The determination of materiality is an integral part of the fiduciary duty of the Directors and is the basis for establishing the legality of the role of the corporation in the society (ArAs 2016). After taking into consideration the possible combinations of issues and stakeholders and other financial and non-financial attributes such as environmental, social and governance issues, it would make the fiduciary task of the directors impossible as the corporations have limited resources and restricted competencies to organize these capitals. In the face of these limited resources, the directors must make choices with respect to determine which audiences are significant as these would be dividing all the stakeholders of the firm. These significant audiences shall determine the issues that are material to the ability of the corporatio n to sustain itself for the self-defined period of time. It is often observed, that the directors of a company concentrate on issues that are material for short-term financial performance. The directors are suggested to focus on significant audiences which imply a wide range of issues over a longer time frame shall be taken into consideration in determining the materiality. The involvement of audiences raises the question who does the board address when it determines which issues are material and which are not. Although the shareholders are significant audience but there are other audiences who exerts pressure on the firm with respect to their determining the material issues (Moriarty 2014). While determining the issues that are material, the corporation must for its own good, take into account the stakeholders perspectives beyond the shareholders and the providers of the financial capital. In order to determine the relative importance of different providers of financial capital and of other audiences is ultimately a responsibility of the Board of the corporation. The Board is suggested to issue a forward-looking Statement of Significant Audiences and Materiality (The Statement) annually. This statement shall inform the providers of financial capital, management and all the other stakeholders of the audiences which the Board considers vital to the survival of the corporation. Evidence to support the recommendation The Statement is a one page document that the board of directors of a corporation issues every year. The Statement identifies significant audiences and time frames and includes the description of the responsibility of the corporation in the society. The statement denotes the responsibility of the Board that it owes to the corporation for the purpose of determining the materiality. It is the right and responsibility of the Board to make judgments that would be based on honest and open conversation between the corporations and all its stakeholders (Johnson, Schnatterly and Hill 2013). The significance of the Statement clearly communicates the view of the Board of directors of the company with respect to the priorities of the company by identifying the limited number of which the company considers as significant audiences and which are not considered as audiences. This would enable the bondholders, shareholders and the other several audiences of the company can make their own decisions with respect to resource allocation in terms of how they are engaged with the corporation. The role of the corporation in the society is described by the Board in the Statement and whose interests are being served by the company and in what time frame. According to the growing demand for the corporate accountability on non-financial performance, the Board of directors has a valid reason to issue an annual Statement (Christensen et al. 2015). This particular requirement has been fulfilled by the Dutch Insurance company Aegons management Board which is considered as the one of the first Board of directors to complete Statement. The company has identified its non-financial and financial issues and investigates how they affect various stakeholders. With the help of the Statement, the Board of Director of the company has defined the role it plays in the society which enabled all its stakeholders to determine their respective resource commitments to the company. A further research is going on with several prominent organizations to establish a legal case that Boards of Directors have fiduciary obligation to the corporation and not to the shareholders alone. Such organizations include the UN Global Compact, Sustainable Development Task Force and with support from and in coordination with the Principles for Responsible Investment and UNEP Finance Initiative. Theories related to Corporate Governance The stakeholder theory is related to the business ethics and organizational management that concentrates on values and morals in managing an organization. This theory requires the directors of the management to consider the interests of every stakeholder in the governance process of the company. This implies that the directors must strive to resolve conflicts between the interests of the stakeholder and must concentrate on the interests of any third party that is dependent on the corporation to a certain extent. The internal stakeholders include employees and directors; external stakeholders include auditors, customers, suppliers etc. The entity theory refers to the assumption that every economic activity conducted by the business is separate from the activities of the owners. This theory is based on the idea that the activities of the company shall be accounted independently from the activities of the owners. Hence, the owners are not responsible personally for any loans and liabilities of the company. The proprietary theory states unlike the entity theory, there is no significant distinction between the owners and its entity, that is, the entity does not exist separately from the owners. The main focus is to provide information that is useful to the owners; hence the financial statements are prepared from their perspective. The enterprise theory perceives the corporation as a social institution that functions for the advantage of the creditors, stakeholders, employees, government and general public. The enterprise is considered as a decision-making center for the people who are participants irrespective of the extent to which they are related to the organization. Conclusion As discussed above, that the duty of the Board is to give more priority to the interest of the corporation than to the interest of the shareholders. While the Board may decide to consider shareholders as one of the significant audience, it is not mandatory to do so. The Board is required to decide which audiences are fundamental for the ability of the corporation with a view to create value over the medium, short and long-term. Once the board has identified its significant audiences it is said to have provided a base of the materiality determination process for corporate reporting. In some jurisdiction, remarkably the United States, there is a prevalence of the concept of primacy duality which implies that the duty of the directors to the company is co-equal to the directors duty towards the shareholders. There is no such jurisdiction where the duty of a director towards the shareholders is higher than the duty it owes to the corporation which is a separate legal entity itself. In Australia, the duties of a director is stipulated under Section 181(1) of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) where the director is required to act in good faith and in the best interests of the corporation which implies that in case of conflict between individual interests and the interests of the company, the interests of the company shall prevail. The corporation is also under an obligation to act in the interest of the society as well. Since the society has granted the corporations with privileges thus, enabling the corporation to operate in their sole interest, therefore, the corporations have a moral duty to think about the good of the society and not only of profits. This highlights the duty of the corporation which is not to just perform its business activities but to report back to the society about the material actions beyond the profit-related actions. Reference List Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A. and Rustambekov, E., 2015. Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions.Long range planning,48(4), pp.265-276. Eccles, R.G. and Youmans, T., 2016. The Climate Custodians. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Eccles, R.G. and Youmans, T., 2016. Materiality in Corporate Governance: The Statement of Significant Audiences and Materiality.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,28(2), pp.39-46. Hill, C.A. and McDonnell, B.H., 2013. Reconsidering board oversight duties after the financial crisis.U. Ill. L. Rev., p.859. Larcker, D. and Tayan, B., 2015.Corporate governance matters: A closer look at organizational choices and their consequences. Pearson Education. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Christensen, J., Kent, P., Routledge, J. and Stewart, J., 2015. Do corporate governance recommendations improve the performance and accountability of small listed companies?.Accounting Finance,55(1), pp.133-164. ArAs, G., 2016.A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Moriarty, J., 2014. The connection between stakeholder theory and stakeholder democracy: An excavation and defense.Business Society,53(6), pp.820-852. Johnson, S.G., Schnatterly, K. and Hill, A.D., 2013. Board composition beyond independence: Social capital, human capital, and demographics.Journal of Management,39(1), pp.232-262.

Analysis of Alpha Response Technology Solutions versus Positivo

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of ARTS Versus Positivo BGH Rwanda. Answer: Introduction This paper provides a quantitative assessment for the creation of Alpha Response Technology Solution (ARTS), a Taiwanese Technology firm. The quantitative assessment is meant to provide critical data that would enable the company to break into the Rwandese market and be successful. Alpha Response Technology Solution (ARTS) intend to compete against Positivo BGH, accompany which is already established in the country of Rwanda. The main product solution for ARTS is GT80S Titan SLI 18.4in Core i7 Notebook. This kind of Notebook is specifically built for use in the analysis of Western Business Market. It retails at 4999 or 3792.37(82 Rwandese francs). ARTSs Chief Executive Officer happens to have shared the same classroom with the Chief Executive Officer of Positivo BGH during their time in University. The two officers also share an emotional rivalry regarding ownership of CPU designs. The CEO OF ARTS claims that his CPU designs were copied by his former university classmate who is curre ntly the CEO of Positivo BGH. The claimed computer design was used by Positivo BGH Company when it made its first entrance into the Rwandese Computer market. PESTEL analysis with county information related to Rwanda Rwanda is a landlocked country located in the eastern part of Africa. It is bordered by four countries. There is DRC on its western side, Tanzania to the East; Uganda is located in its northern part whole Burundi is located on its south. The nation has a total population of about 11.64 million. Out of the population, 48% are males while 52% are females. The nation has made huge strides in economic development with the support that it has obtained from the World Bank and IMF. As a result, it has been able to enjoy a stable economic growth over the last 10 years. Description of the incentives to enter the Rwandan Special Economic Zone Alpha Response Technology Solution (ARTS) intends to introduce Notebook computers into the Rwandese market. The brand of the Notebook will be is GT80S Titan SLI 18.4in Core i7. The notebooks would retail at 4999 or 3792.37(82 Rwandese francs). The notebooks would have the following specifications; Intel i7 6920HQ CPU, NVIDIA GeForce GTX980M graphics in SLI, 1x HDMI, 32GB DDR4 memory, Super Raid 4 512GB solid state drive, 1TB hard drive, 1x USB Super Port Type-C, 18.4in Full HD anti-glare display, Windows 10, 5x USB 3.0, Blu-ray writer, Gigabit LAN, Dynio 7.1io, 1x Mini DisplayPort, Bluetooth 4.2. Explanation of current foreign investment in Rwanda There is currently a laptop manufacturing company in Rwanda. The company is known as Positivo BGH and it originates from Argentina. The company has so far produced many laptops in the tiny country. The aim of the company when it first entered the market was to supply the government of Rwanda with digital devices (Asaba , 2016, p. 3). It was expected that production of the laptops locally would greatly reduce the shortage of digital gadgets which has been experienced in most of the learning and teaching institutions in the country. Many schools had complained of the shortage and there was a need for the improvement of the teaching of ICT programs in the learning institutions. Positivo BGH led by the CEO Mr. Juan Ignacio Ponelli started its operations in the country in July 2014 (Eleni Parke, 2016, p. 1). As at late 2015, the company had assembled a total of 7,800 computer units. According to the Chief Executive Officer of Positivo BGH, he believes that his company has brought one of the best technology to the African country of Rwanda. The manufacturing firm for Positivo BGH is located in Special Economic Zones (Positivo BGH, 2017, p. 9). The area is geographically and physically secured. There is a single body that administers the entire area. The government has supplied some incentives in these areas that have promoted the work of the foreign investors. There is a simplified and liberal business economic regulation in the area Explanation of ARTS' motivation to enter Rwanda There are a number of factors that have motivated ARTS to enter the Rwandese market. They include; Political stability The country is very stable politically. The Rwandese people learned a lot of lessons from the 1994 genocide and they dont wish to be dragged into such a situation again. They have been very tolerant and peaceful since the genocide occurred. In the countrys general election of 2013, female candidates won 64% of the total contested seats (Balakrishnan, 2016, p. 3). That was evidence that the countrys democracy has tremendously grown. Good and steady economic growth The country has a set vision which they are looking towards. It is entitled as vision 2020. There are goals that the people of Rwanda would like to achieve by the year, 2020 (Darid , 2016, p. 5). The government of Rwanda intends to transform the economy of the country from agriculture based to an economy that is knowledge-based. The country also hopes that it would be able to fall under middle-income country by then (Kanamugire Afadhali, 2016, p. 12). The government has therefore put in place economic development strategies. There are also measures that have been put in place to ensure that poverty is eradicated in the country. Since 1994, the Rwandese government has focused on economic transformation, youth empowerment, productivity and rural development. The country managed to meet the majority of the 2015 and 2016 Millennium Development Goals that it had set (Balakrishnan, 2016, p. 3). There was a huge improvement in the standards of living among the people of Rwanda. There was a drop in the mortality rate. The government of Rwanda has also put a lot of focus on development policies. The news of the introduction of ARTS into the Rwandese market would, therefore, be received with a lot of joy (Eleni Parke, 2016, p. 13). The rivalry between the two companies There is a bitter rivalry between Positivo BGH and ARTS. The CEO of the two companies was once classmates in the university. In addition, The Chief Executive Officer of ARTS Claims that Positivo BGH copied his CPU designs. As a result, he is willing to enter the same market with Positivo BGH and compete against it. The CEO of ARTS would be willing to outdo his rival company, Positivo BGH so as to prove that he was the mastermind behind the design of the CPU of the notebook that was being produced by Positivo BGH (Positivo BGH, 2017, p. 64). 5 Forces analysis for ARTS 5 FORCES Analysis Buyer power Power buyer refers to the possibility of customers shifting from the products of Positivo BGH to those of ARTS. How possible will ARTS convince the customers so that they can shift allegiance? There is a number method that can be used by ARTS to win Rwandese customers. The first method is through the production of better products than those of Positivo BGH. The company must also strengthen their service delivery. The second method is through convincing influential customers that their products are the best ( Miller, et al., 2011, p. 23). Influential customer are able to convince the rest of the customers Supplier power In this case, ART company has to keenly assess the possibility that suppliers of items used in the manufacturing process can raise the prices of the items. If there are few suppliers, then they are likely to raise prices at will. However, if the suppliers are many then they would not be able to raise easily. Suppliers are more powerful when they are few than when they are many ( Miller, et al., 2011, p. 32). Competitive rivalry It is important for any business company to note the number of its competitors. They should also be aware of the competitors capacity. A company would have very little power in the market if I am faced with many competitors that are offering similar products. Buyers and suppliers would have many alternatives in case they are not satisfied by the products of the company. However, if there is no other company that is capable of matching you in the market then you would have great control. As a result, ARTS would only face one competitor in the market that is PositivoBGH. If ARTS is capable of producing products that exceed those of Positivo BGH, Then it would have full control of the Rwandese market ( Miller, et al., 2011, p. 39). Substitution threat Substitution comes about when people discover a different way of carrying out a duty that you do. Your power would hence be weakened. For example, if ARTS come into the market and produces expensive notebooks which are used to perform some duties, then the people may resort to a manual way of carrying out the duties. Substitution may come about very easily. Every business company is afraid of substitution (Asaba , 2016, p. 43). Threat from new entry into the market The possibility of other players entering the market is likely to affect the power of other players which are already in the market. A company that has little protection in regard to its technology is likely to lose its position with the arrival of other players. Positivo BGH is likely to be threatened by the arrival of ARTS since it had copied its CPU design from the CEO of ARTS (Mindtools, 2016, p. 27). ARTS, therefore, has the capacity to improve on the design. Comparison of ARTS primary product line with that of Positivo BGH ARTS Positivo BGH ARTS produces technology design for its products Copied its technology design from the CEO of ARTS. ARTS intends to enter the Rwandese market so that it can be able to produce Notebooks Positivo BGH has already started manufacturing computers in the African country of Rwanda Likely return for producing and releasing Titan for sale to the Rwanda domestic market versus Western market Rwanda market Western market There is a high return for realizing titan since there are few competitors There is low return for the release of titan because there are many competitors There would be low return for producing titan because most of the raw materials would have to be imported. The importation process would hence be expensive. Skilled labour would also need to be imported. There would be high return for producing titan since there would be readily available raw materials and skilled labour. Recommendation based on the 5 Forces analysis for ARTS ARTS must put in place strategies that it would use to win customer in Rwanda. At the moment all the customers buy their computers and computer products from Positivo BGH. ARTS and Positivo BGH would be the only companies in Rwanda. As a result, they would be able to dictate the market since they are few. They would have full control of the market. However, they should be aware that future entrance of any other company into the market would reduce their control power in the market. ARTS must, therefore, ensure high quality of its products in order to remain competitive in the market even when another company enters the market. References Miller, F. P., Vandome, A. F. McBrewster, J., 2011. Porter Five Forces Analysis, s.l.: VDM Publishing. Asaba , S., 2016. Tech News, Rwanda, s.l.: New Times Rwanda. Balakrishnan, K., 2016. Rwanda. Washington: World Bank. Darid , F., 2016. Rwanda Foreign Direct Investment, s.l.: Trading economics. Eleni , G. Parke, P., 2016. Why this South American Company is making laptops in Rwanda, s.l.: CNN. Kanamugire, J. Afadhali, J. P., 2016. Positivo now produces new computers in Rwanda, s.l.: The East African. Mindtools, 2016. Porters Five Force, s.l.: Mindtools. Positivo BGH, 2017. Create your own experience, s.l.: Positivo BGH.

Bullying Debut Albums and Big Idea free essay sample

I have to write an argumentative essay about a big idea. My paper is on how parents can help to stop and prevent bullying. My big idea that I am completing is a blob that offers a lot of information along with links to resources. I have my final due in two weeks but this week we have to revise our opening and closing statements and I do not know where to strap and could really use some help.Introduction: The saying, if sticks and stones will break my bones, but words will never hurt me was ever true, it sure isnt true today (Gaul, 2010). Bullying in and out of schools is getting out of control. Statistics have shown that one third of teens are bullied at school and 4 percent also report that they were also victims of cyber bullying (Bullying Statistics, 2009). Parents really need to take a stand against bullying to help prevent it and to stop it. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying: Debut Albums and Big Idea or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We as parents need to be a part of the solution, not the problem. Conclusion: No matter what end of the bullying your child Is on, you need to make sure that you are doing your part to prevent and stop this. Bullying is a serious matter, weather we like it or not. If you do not think that you can handle the situation on your own, there is no harm In asking for help. You can find help In a variety of places, even with In your own family.

Papa johns research paper free essay sample

The firm that is being analyzed is Papa John’s Pizza, which is the third largest pizza chain in The United States and has stores in over 20 other countries. Overall, the company has a very well developed strategic orientation and is heading in a very positive direction. The company’s operational and customer capabilities are very well prepared, however, the Innovation capabilities are still behind their most formidable competitors. There is a very high level of consistency in both the company’s operational and structural interior and there remains a great opportunity for this company to expand internationally and domestically, through better use of interactive marketing techniques and expanded product innovations. Information from this study was compiled using statistics from ValueLine. com and various other databases within the UNT website. The performance matrix was utilized to gain a better understanding of Papa John’s current market situation and analyze which direction the company should proceed. We will write a custom essay sample on Papa johns research paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The customer, innovation, and operational capabilities were the major Organizational capabilities assessed. Papa John’s carries a mission statement which focuses on â€Å"superior brand loyalty through authentic, superior- quality products, legendary customer service, and extraordinary community service† (Papajohn’s. com). Papa john’s also adopts people as their most important asset to the company and seeks to create long term value for their shareholders. Papa john’s emphasizes six key values in their operations which include focus, accountability, superiority, attitude, constant improvement, and PAPA (People Are Priority Always). Recently, they have adopted a social policy which places responsibility on their suppliers to auditing their treatment of animals. Papa John’s implements a specific strategic orientation with regards to their product market focus and operational, innovation and customer capabilities. They use only high quality ingredients, hand cut vegetables, premium meats and cheeses and all natural sauces to differentiate from their competitors. Papa john’s also keeps volatile cost of key ingredients low through partnering with purchasing companies such as BIBP, which is a large chees purchasing company. Papa john’s also operates their own commissaries, which distribute all of the ingredients and supplies to every store. This helps the company keep costs low and ensure the delivery of quality ingredients. The company also uses a strong and continuous employee training program to ensure consistent quality of menu items throughout each and every store. Papa John’s innovation capabilities seem to a bit lacking. Online ordering is prevalent and the presence of smart phone apps and rewards programs are available, however, the company does not use much business to customer marketing and there are very little signs of using social media devices and marketing tools to connect with their customers. The operating performance of Papa John’s is on a steady gain. The company is currently the world’s third largest pizza company. Pizza hut, a subsidiary of YUM! Brands and Dominos are the frontrunners. Papa John’s had also been rated #1 in customer satisfaction eleven out of the last thirteen years, which aligns with their mission of people being their most important asset (ASCI). In terms of profitability, Papa John’s have an average net profit margin of 4. 3% and is estimated to increase to around 5. 4% by 2016 (Value Line). The company looks to step up their efforts in the international market in the near future as well, with increased operations in overseas countries. Value Line also recognizes Papa Johns as an A grade on the company’s financial strength. The company has a little ground work to do in the area of market performance, as both Dominos and Pizza Hut still possess the lion’s share of the market. The organizational health of the firm is very stable at this time. The financial and operational structure are pretty sound and the company’s goals seem to be heading in alignment with the shareholders. Papa John’s has an earnings predictability grade of 95 on Valueline. com, which suggests that the company is on track to increase revenues and generate profits in the years to come. The performance matrix of Papa John’s concludes that the company is of high importance in the current market and delivers a high amount of performance within the market as well. This would indicate that it is imperative for the company to continue to improve in areas which can gain market share. It is important for the firm to focus on international expansion as well as focus on creating more domestic stores in order to obtain this goal. It may even be beneficial for the company to establish international commissaries to provide the same quality products on a global scale. Another suggestion would be for the firm to create a more interactive marketing campaign to better engage with their customers and build better brand loyalty. Papa John’s could also develop more product innovations in order to attract more potential customers and further company growth. Overall, the current direction the firm is headed will sustain minimal growth at the pace it is going. The need for change is not completely urgent, however, it is necessary in order to keep its place as one of the industry’s top pizza companies.

11 Entry Level Jobs in the Healthcare Industry That Are in High Demand

11 Entry Level Jobs in the Healthcare Industry That Are in High Demand you’ve got your degree, or other certification, in the healthcare industry. the trouble is: you don’t have any field experience. yet! but don’t despair. here are 11 jobs with tons of openings throughout the industry- and all of them entry-level. if you’re looking for a jumping off point to start your healthcare career, then start interviewing for one of these positions stat. registered nursethere is such a high demand for rns right now- nearly 200,000 job openings! as long as you have supervised clinical experience (even just as part of your academic program), you’re qualified. you need a nursing license and a degree, but you can make over $65k per year right out of the gate.licensed practical nurselicensed practical and vocational nurses are also in extreme demand. you’ll need to pass the nclex-pn and complete a year-long practical nursing program with some clinical experience, but then you could make about $40k a year.medical health servic es manageryou’ll need a bachelor’s  and a master’s  in something relevant to health services, plus some admin or nursing experience. but not years and years. this job pays extremely well, with a median income of over $88k.certified nursing assistantcertified nursing assistants don’t make as much money, but earn invaluable experience. there are no degree requirements, just a state approved training program.medical assistantsimilar to a cna, a medical assistant only needs an associate’s degree and some on-the-job training to get started in the field.physical therapistphysical therapists require a lot of schooling, usually a doctorate of some kind, plus a residency or internship of at least one year, but then they make a median salary of nearly $80k and demand and growth are both quite high.icu registered nurseto become a registered nurse in an intensive care environment, you need the same training and certification as an rn outside the icu enviro nment. take your pick! where would you fit best?medical secretaryif you have a high school diploma, plus solid knowledge of medical technology and terminology, then you can get started right away as a medical secretary, earning usually over $30k per year.patient service representativeit’s best to have a bachelor’s degree, but sometimes a high school diploma will do. and if you’re good at customer service, you’ll be an asset in this position. the median salary is about $42k.occupational therapistoccupational therapists are a lot like physical therapists in that they work in rehabilitation, but the field is more specific. if you have your master’s degree in ot and have done some work or volunteering in that setting, then you should be good to go! ots make a median salary of over $75k.records info technicianmedical records and health information technicians are in charge of documenting and tracking patient information. if you have an associateâ€℠¢s degree and perhaps a professional certification, you’ll be hirable. it wouldn’t hurt to take a few related medical courses to beef up your application, but you could earn over $30k per year starting out.

Free Essays on Teachers

Teachers that are always on top of things are good planners and thinkers. It probably took each and everyone time to get that way. The only way they now succedd as teachers is from their commitment and practice when trying out new skills. A lesson plan needs to communicate to the person it is written by first and formost. It is to guid he material to help students in learning the intented material presented. The first step in making a lesson plan is to gather up all general information about the plan. It sets the boundaries and limits of the plan. The second part of making a lesson plan are the parts. Each individual part of the lesson plan should in some way have some purpose in communicating the specific content, the objective, the learning prerequisites, what will happen, the sequence of student and teacher activites, the material required, and the assessment procedures. The actual process that teachers should follow is: imput, process, than output. The inpur refers to material, other resources, and the information required by the process. The inputs consist of: information on what they already know of what you want the students to learn. Information about the time needed to fully teach the lesson. Descriptions of materials needed in the lesson. Information of how you will acquire these materials. Information on how to get any special permission needed. The process is the actual plan. When making a plan you need to address several questions such as: What are the inputs? (What we talked about earlier like materials, prerequisites, etc.) What are the students going to learn? What are some instructional activies needed? What are going the students going to do in the lesson plan? How will the students be assessted on what they learned? The way you should come about writing this lesson plan would be to start with the Content. Where you would suggest he sp ecific curriculum that the teacher is trying to teach. It basically related to th... Free Essays on Teachers Free Essays on Teachers Teachers that are always on top of things are good planners and thinkers. It probably took each and everyone time to get that way. The only way they now succedd as teachers is from their commitment and practice when trying out new skills. A lesson plan needs to communicate to the person it is written by first and formost. It is to guid he material to help students in learning the intented material presented. The first step in making a lesson plan is to gather up all general information about the plan. It sets the boundaries and limits of the plan. The second part of making a lesson plan are the parts. Each individual part of the lesson plan should in some way have some purpose in communicating the specific content, the objective, the learning prerequisites, what will happen, the sequence of student and teacher activites, the material required, and the assessment procedures. The actual process that teachers should follow is: imput, process, than output. The inpur refers to material, other resources, and the information required by the process. The inputs consist of: information on what they already know of what you want the students to learn. Information about the time needed to fully teach the lesson. Descriptions of materials needed in the lesson. Information of how you will acquire these materials. Information on how to get any special permission needed. The process is the actual plan. When making a plan you need to address several questions such as: What are the inputs? (What we talked about earlier like materials, prerequisites, etc.) What are the students going to learn? What are some instructional activies needed? What are going the students going to do in the lesson plan? How will the students be assessted on what they learned? The way you should come about writing this lesson plan would be to start with the Content. Where you would suggest he sp ecific curriculum that the teacher is trying to teach. It basically related to th... Free Essays on Teachers I can still remember my tenth grade English class and its dedication towards the TAAS test. We read numerous essays and answered By: Howard â€Å"No issue in the U.S. Education is more controversial than (standardized) testing. Some people view it as the linchpin of serious reform and improvement, others as a menace to quality teaching and learning† (Phelps). A tool that educators use to learn about students and their learning capabilities is the standardized test. Standardized tests are designed to give a common measure of a student’s performance. Popular tests include the SAT, IQ tests, Regents Exams, and the ACT. â€Å"Three kinds of standardized tests are used frequently in schools: achievement, diagnostic, and aptitude† (Woolfolk 550). Achievement tests can be used to help a teacher assess a student’s strengths and weaknesses in a particular subject. Diagnostic tests are typically given to elementary school students when learning problems are suspected. Aptitude tests are designed to predict how a student will perform in the future. For example, the SAT predicts performance in the first y ear of college. Standardized tests give educators a standard measure or â€Å"yardstick† because such a large number of students across the country take the same test. These tests are used to tell how well school programs are doing or to give a picture of the skills and abilities of students. Standardized tests; however, are problematic at all ages and levels of schooling. Standardized aptitude tests measure students’ abilities to learn in school, how well they are likely to succeed in future education. Rather than measuring knowledge of subjects taught in school, these tests measure a broad range of abilities or skills that are considered important to succeed in school. The classroom setting and teacher are the key to assessment. â€Å"Pressure to produce higher scores leads teachers to focus on material that will be covered by the tests ...

Non-standard English and the New Tribalism

Non-standard English and the New Tribalism Non-standard English and the New Tribalism Non-standard English and the New Tribalism By Maeve Maddox Dave Frohnmayer, President Emeritus of the University of Oregon, defines the New Tribalism as, the growth of a politics based upon narrow concerns, rooted in the exploitation of divisions of class, cash, gender, region, religion, ethnicity, morality and ideology, a give-no-quarter and take-no-prisoners’ activism that demands satisfaction and accepts no compromise. I believe that much of the misuse of standard English that we are witnessing is linked to the New Tribalism. Nonstandard English is a tribal marker. Consciously or unconsciously, speakers who have been taught standard grammar and word formation, but persist in saying or writing such stuff as, Me and my friends play video games. They invited my wife and I. The detour effected our plan’s. Your my best friend. I’ll definately be their. do it because they identify with a group that feels that the use of standard speech does not reflect who they are. In the first half of the 20th century, when not every child had the opportunity to progress all the way through high school, learning to speak a standard dialect in addition to one’s home dialect was not seen as an optional by-product of education. The teaching of standard grammar, pronunciation, and spelling was one of public education’s major goals. Standard English was seen as a passport to a job in a bank or an office or a high class department store. It was a goal that ambitious young people mastered before having to leave school at the age of 13 or 14. Two interviews in a documentary about life in the 1930s and 1940s illustrate the change that has taken place in U.S. educational outcomes since the early 20th century. One of the interview subjects was a white man who grew up on an isolated farm and attended a one-room school house. The other subject was a black man who grew up in a poor neighborhood in Chicago. I can’t say with certainty, but I’d guess both grew up speaking nonstandard dialects at home. In the interviews, both men spoke standard English. They spoke with regional accents and inflections, but neither man made the pronoun and verb errors that are so common these days. In the 1940s, only about 50% of the school population graduated from high school. The other half did well to complete eighth grade. Nowadays, school attendance is compulsory to the age of 16 in nineteen states, 17 in eleven states, and 18 in twenty states. Mastery of English grammar seems to have dwindled as time spent in school has increased. A lot of critics blame the modern plague of sloppy English on texting and computer use. I don’t buy that. Texting and Twitterspeak are dialects in their own right. They operate under their own sets of rules. There’s no reason an excellent texter can’t also be an excellent writer of standard English. Doctors may talk about â€Å"phalanges† at a medical conference, but they talk about â€Å"fingers† and â€Å"toes† to their patients. The toughest punk on the street corner probably doesn’t go home and address his mother as â€Å"Yo, Bitch!† Most speakers instinctively shape their language to suit their listeners and readers. When native speakers pass through eight or more years of formal instruction without mastering standard English, something psychological is going on. Certainly there are other contributing factors, but I’m convinced that a great part of the problem is a fear of tribal rejection. What standard English needs is a lobby, like the ones that exist to fight bullying and domestic abuse. It needs well-funded activists and celebrity spokesmen urging young people to say â€Å"My friends and I play video games.† It needs more employers like Kyle Wiens, iFixit CEO and founder of Dozuki. He requires all job applicants to pass a grammar test before interviewing them for a job of any kind. Says Wiens, Grammar signifies more than just a person’s ability to remember high school English. I’ve found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing - like stocking shelves or labeling parts. Now, as in the 1940s, the ability to speak and write a standard form of English is the ticket to a better life. Even if tribal identity requires speaking a distinctive dialect within the group, the ability to speak and write a standard form of English can be a great social equalizer. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightDoes "Mr" Take a Period?How to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

Issues involving the assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity Research Paper

Issues involving the assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD - Research Paper Example This stage of assessment is not common in general clinical practice. It requires assessment conducted by Health Professionals trained in Medicine, Psychology, Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuroscience or Nutritional and Environmental medicine. The assessment may include brain function evaluation through neuro-imaging, investigation of diet, nutrition and sensitivities to food. Tests may be conducted to determine the causes of metabolic dysfunctions, recurrent abdominal upsets and chronic ear, nose and throat infections which are probable causes of brain dysfunction and consequently abnormal behaviors and attention deficits (Brown, 2005, p. 21). Rating scales and check lists Rating scales and checklists assist clinicians to obtain information from teachers, parents and others about functioning and symptoms in different settings, which is important for a sufficient assessment for ADHD and monitoring its treatment. The symptoms must be manifested in more than one environment for instan ce in school and at home in order to meet DSM-IV criteria in diagnosing for the condition (Barkley, 2005, p.96). This is only one of many components of a comprehensive evaluation that should include interviews and medical examination. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the most commonly used scales are: the Child Behavior Checklist completed by the parent, Teacher Report Form (TRF), Barkley Home Situations Questionnaire (HSQ), ADD-H: Comprehensive Teacher Rating Scale (ACTeRS), Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales and the Barkley School Situations Questionnaire (SSQ). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), says that ADHD-specific rating scales produce more accurate results when distinguishing between children whether a diagnosis of ADHD was initially conducted or not compared to global rating scales and nonspecific questionnaires that assess a variety of behavioral conditions (Barkley, 2005, p. 103).   Behavioral assessments N ot all inattentive, overly hyperactive, or impulsive persons have an attention deficit disorder. This is because most people will at times unintentionally blurt out things, randomly shift between tasks, or become forgetful and disorganized (Jensen & Cooper, 2002, p. 41). To assess for ADHD, several critical questions are put into consideration. Some of these questions include: are the behaviors long-term, excessive and pervasive? Do they happen more frequently than in other persons the same age? Is it a problem that is continuous or just a reaction to a situation that is temporary? Do the behaviors manifest in different settings or only in a specific place? The behavior pattern of the person is then compared against a set criteria and characteristics of the disorder (Brown, 2005, p.33). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version IV (DSM-IV) manual contains these characteristics and criteria. Disorders with symptoms similar to ADHD One of the difficulties of us ing a questionnaire in diagnosing ADHD is that the condition is often accompanied by other disorders. Quantitative EEG which is an examination of brain function can do a better job in differenting between the disorders that have a lot of behavioral overlaps. The following are several of such disorders. Learning Difficulties: Many ADHD children also have a learning disability (LD). This means

Cultures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultures - Research Paper Example This borrows from the fact that formalization mostly applies to utilitarian organizations, whereby organizations come up with hierarchies that have supervisors with greater authority who have to coordinate the activities of subordinates. Formalization also helps in the understanding of the organizational culture as it leads to the prescription of procedures, as well as rules, which specify the duties of each employee. Moreover, formalization serves to ensure that the low ranking employees comply with the set rules and guidelines in the organization. At times, formalization can go far to the extent that the organization sanctions the employees who do not follow the set rules. In some instances, employees who do not follow the formal structure of the organization may be summoned and asked to follow the set procedures and rules (Young, 2007). There are various organizational cultures, which organizations employ when prescribing the rules that should be followed. One of the organizational cultures includes the normative culture. In this culture, there is a consideration of the procedures and norms of the organization. Moreover, the regulations and rules of the organization are set in accordance to the guidelines that exist. The behavior of employees has to be ideal, and they have to follow strictly the policies that the organization has set. The other form of organizational culture includes the academy culture. Organizations using this form of culture tend to hire skilled persons, and duties are delegated in relation to the job experience and the education qualifications of the employees. Organizations that follow this form of culture ensure that they train their employees so as to improve employees’ job performance and achieve the organizations objectives. Another form of organizational culture includes the pragma tic culture where the organization emphasizes a lot on the external stakeholders, as well as the

Gas Industry and the Impact on UK Economy Essay

Gas Industry and the Impact on UK Economy - Essay Example This is because numerous factors influence the supply and pricing of gas creating extraordinary inconveniences in the country’s economy. The changing prices of gas usually inflict a lot of pressure on the local economy through pushing up bills for electricity and straining the energy needs. For instance, the nuclear disaster of Japan in 2011 was a significant factor that drove the prices of gas severely affecting the UK economy. This was fueled by the increase of demand for gas by Japan that created sentiment of scarcity. This is just one of lots of aspects that play a function in the UK gas consumption and inherently impact the general economy. This report navigates around the global gas industry, its features and particularly its effects on the vast economy of the United Kingdom. In order to underscore the vast industry and its significance to the economy, the paper will determine the basic problems of the gas industry, market structure, inflation, supply with demand, along with economic enlargement and unemployment. The essence of the report is to expose the inherent implications of the activities and events in the gas industry on the UK economy. The gas industry has several problems most of which induce negative implications on the general economy. ... Supply and demand in the gas industry Supply and demand in the gas industry play an enormous role in affecting the process of gas in the United Kingdom, which directly increases the bills for electricity generated from gas power stations. Any slight change in demand or supply of gas, therefore, has a massive impact on the UK economy (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: Select Committee on Regulators, 2007, 56). A clear example is the Japan nuclear tragedy, which led to the plants being taken offline. Therefore, Japan required more gas to meet its energy demands as an alternative to nuclear power. Gas dealers developed anxiety that the gas shipment destined for Europe could be directed to Japan; where there was high demand for natural gas and was being offered high prices. This trader sentiment created apprehensions that augmented the prices that energy corporations had to pay to purchase gas in the United Kingdom. This is the main reason behind high costs in bills in the count ry in the winter season. Similarly, the conflict in Libya has led to low supply of gas in European markets that imported gas from the North African state thus increasing the price of international gas. As a result, the cost of electricity generation rose pushing up electricity bills. In the United Kingdom, gas and bills are directly related because any changes in gas prices affects electricity bills of energy consumers who use electricity derived from power generators. Therefore, the varying cost of gas is a single dynamic that profoundly affects bills in the UK. For instance, high general price increase the rate of domestic heating as well as the charge of electricity. This has been contributed by the reality that the charge of electricity derived from gas power-stations

Human Resource Development at Primark Stores Ltd Research Proposal

Human Resource Development at Primark Stores Ltd - Research Proposal Example During the study an effort will be made to observe the general working at Primark store in Manchester to seek answers to the following key objectives. Prerequisite to a decent work culture is about respecting individuals and treating everyone, customers and colleagues, with dignity. How Primark has been able to adopt a balancing approach towards motivating the workforce. Research approaches and methods radically influence research content and, consequently, the policies designed in response to that content. Research philosophy is a belief about the way in which data about a phenomenon should be gathered, analyzed and used. This thesis is a qualitative case study which focuses on an analysis of the HR policies prevailing in the retail industry in general and Primark in particular. To carry out such a study in general we resort to two main approaches; Deductive reasoning, which works from the more general to the more specific subjects. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. In such approach we take up the 'theory' and then try to apply it to the hypotheses that we intend to test. Gradually we narrow down to the testing of data and observations for their applicability to the theory/ theories to arrive at a confirmation of its applicability or not. The Inductive approach on the other hand begins with collecting data, specific observations, which then lead to broader generalization and theories. Such an approach in called as "bottom up" approach. The patterns thus detected are formulated into tentative hypotheses and we can therefore arrive at some general conclusion about our subject. In this case the study will be more of an inductive one as I'll be observing the functioning of the store, talking to the boys and girls out there about there working hours, compensation etc. During the process I'll also be interacting with some customers to solicit there views about the Primark and the employees in general. Data Collection Secondary Sources: Such data can be collected from the existing literature, research reports, company leaflets, information brochure etc. Primary Sources: Such data can be collected by interacting with the staff, management, customers and other stakeholders. By observing the working and the supply/ distribution chain also we can gather first hand data. It will be little difficult to interact with the top management of the company but I will surely try to meet some of the seniors at the retail outlet. Time Scale and Resources Efforts would be made to complete the different modules of the project leading to the completion of the project as per the following timeline (Note-These are completion dates). Submission of Proposal: Oct 12, 2007 Interaction with the Tutor: October 16, 2007 Inclusion of suggestions by the tutor: October 17, 2007 Preparation of questionnaire: October 25, 2007 Data

The Carter Administration and the Evolution of American Nuclear Essay

The Carter Administration and the Evolution of American Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy - Essay Example Should one continue to play in the field to make sure that it is kept regulated Or should one insist on the moral high ground and stay away from an arena where the evil is both patent and inherent No other world leader has been hounded by this question more than Jimmy Carter, whose regime has seen the evolution of the American Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Though his good faith and commitment to his advocacy have remained unquestioned, many have voiced their opposition over a nuclear containment strategy that effectively cuts off US engagement from other States with respect to the development of nuclear arsenal, and restricts technology transfer with the end in view of achieving nuclear nonproliferation. It is submitted, however, that Carter is not to blame for the failure of his policies. The larger political landscape - both internal and external - must be examined. If at all, Carter must be lauded for boldly extricating the discourse of nuclear weapons from the neither-here-nor-there language of political ambiguity. His fierce and uncompromising condemnation of nuclear weapons has found resonance all over the world, and continues to affect American foreign policy, one A merican President after another. The history of American policy on nuclear weapons is indeed a colorful and protracted one. After the Second World War ended, the Soviet Union began the nuclear race. Desirous of preventing the Soviets from amassing nuclear arsenal, the US encouraged its allies to explore its nuclear capabilities as well. However, the infamous nuclear testing conducted by France radically altered policy and nonproliferation became the avowed goal. The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty was entered into by the administration of Lyndon Johnson. However, it was a secondary issue for all intents and purposes. America was made complacent by the absence of threats. When India detonated a nuclear device in 1984, a paradigm shift took place. Nonproliferation suddenly became an important issue. Then President Nixon gave word that he would supply nuclear reactors to Egypt and Israel so they may develop their own nuclear capabilities. Many raised fears, valid fears, that this would only lead to the unabated spread of nuclear weapons and it would reach a point when regulation would be next to impossible. Comes now Jimmy Carter, riding on the crescent wave of anti-nuclear weapon advocates. In his campaign, he always gave special importance to the issue of nuclear weapons. He knew why he wanted to do it - because the anti-nuclear weapons advocacy was at the core human rights issue, and how he would do it - by prohibiting the commercial reprocessing and recycling of plutonium used in the creation of nuclear weapons. By arresting the technology transfer, Carter believed that he was paving the way for nuclear containment. This was a radical and total departure from the policies of Nixon on Ford, who believed in strategic engagement, even a little muscle-flexing, when the need arises. His was a complete declaration of war against nuclear weapons; not the case-to-case basis policy of previous regimes. Much opposition was generated by Carter's policy. In the strong words of Sen. Pete Domenici, a Republican from New Mexico, " a strategy of nonproliferation based solely on denial of equipment and technology will at most only delay, not prohibit this possibility." The legislature also

The Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Marketing Plan - Essay Example food and beverage due to its wide range of product lines such as Arnott’s Premier Melting Moments, Emporio Amond Snap, and Emporio Chocolate Temptation etc presenting a unique taste. However, in spite of strong foothold in numerous developing and developed countries, the competitiveness and market share is decreasing due to its locally utilised ingredients of Australia. Other than this, the profit margin and customer loyalty over the brand is decreasing due to extremely high price and intensive competitive rivalry among its rivals. In addition, to the presence of numerous substitute products like cookies by competitive brands such as Kraft Foods Ltd, Tim- Tams, Vita-Wheat, and Cruskits, the market value and reliability of the organization is declining day by day to a considerable extent. Due to these underlining causes, the portfolio and uniqueness of the organization of Arnott is reducing that hinders its total sale and profitability in long run. Furthermore, numerous less co mpetitive local products are capturing the markets of Australia that hindered its loyalty and brand value as compared to other existing contenders in this age (Arnott, 2014). However, in order to amplify the competitive advantage and sustainability of the organization of Arnott, a marketing plan is developed with the help of a new product, Emporio Crispy. The financial objective of the organization of Arnott is to amplify its total sale by almost 5 percent of its previous sale by the launch of the new product, Emporio Crispy. Other than this, the profit margin of the organization of Arnott might get enhanced by a considerable extent as compared to its rival players. Only then, it might become successful in improving its dominance and position in the market (Grant, 2010, pp. 423-434). The marketing objective of the organization of Arnott is to amplify its loyalty and reliability in the market of Australia. Along with this, the launch of the Emporio Crispy might become successful in

The anti-smoking media campaign among adolescents

The anti-smoking media campaign among adolescents INTRODUCTION In the 20th century, smoking has been established as the leading cause of many preventable diseases (i.e. cancer) and deaths. Antismoking ads started in the 1967, when FCC required broadcasters to air one antismoking message for every three cigarette (Siegal 1998). At first these ads were free until it became effective to the audience that it eliminated the free advertisings. Throughout these years, it provided a worldwide dispute to health of the community. Liu reports: â€Å"Since Minnesota introduced the first paid anti-smoking media campaign in 1986, many other states have used a proportion of their cigarette excise tax revenue to fund large-scale anti-smoking advertisement through the mass media. Those media campaigns try to provide the public with health information about the harmful effects of smoking on health, and, therefore, change peoples smoking behavior, based on the theoretical hypothesis that more informed people are more likely to choose healthy lifestyle† (Liu 2009, p.29). Constantly, advertisers are creating advertisements, such as billboards, commercials and other interesting promotions, for anti-drugs and anti-smoking. It is found in many different places that can be simply seen by the public, preferably among adolescents and teenagers, to get their attention. For example, â€Å"Florida has reported that its Truth advertisements attacking tobacco firms are effective, on the basis of surveys showing 40% and 16% declines in smoking among middle and high school students in the state, respectively† (Penchman 1999, p.2). Recent studies have argued various points that these ads are not working for our city and future generations. Clearly, the government is clearly spending a lot of money for these advertisements but past presidents such as, George W. Bush, tempted with the idea to cut spending because of no concrete answer for a positive outcome. In addition, news media in different markets indicated that teenagers are using more marijuana because of these popular ads that they are constantly seeing in the media. For example, many adolescents feel that marijuana is fashionable drug among their peers because it is popular usage in media such as movies, commercials and many other outlets. Not all people involved in media have agreed with this statement. Others have disagreed with their counterparts and stated that these advertisements are actually working for many people. Research studies done in the past have proved that these advertisements have been a significant positive change for less use of drugs among society. Recently, these advertisements have been getting realistic to the point that it might scare potential users away. In addition, past surveys have been conducted which stated that majority of the people that seen these types of ads are trying to quit from destroying their health. Research studies that found some type of evidence for the success of these media campaigns such as, reducing cigarette consumption and drugs use among adolescents and adults shows that several governments have cut the spending on their control programs. The lost of funding has been in use in other areas such as the recent hit of the economic recession which could have a serious influence on the future success of antismoking and anti-drug control initiations. In addition, policy makers have stated that there is a lack of evidence that these messages are working. This topic brings back to the debate that these ads are producing cigarette use instead of stopping it. â€Å"Many researchers have different ideas on whether advertising for antismoking should be used for tobacco use prevention, which depends on both its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness† (Pechmann 1999, p.2). Currently, theyre no significant evidence that these ads are actually working media. Others are confused if these ads are wasting taxpayers money and not benefiting our society. â€Å"For instance, significant amount of research has been done on this topic and little conclusive evidence of a direct link between advertising-only interventions and reduced adolescent smoking dominance. However, I do agree there is an indirect evidence for the effectiveness of antismoking and antidrug advertising† (Pechmann 2003, p.16). â€Å"Mass communication media play such a significant role in contemporary society, that we could not conceive it without their presence† (Televisa). Since the introduction of media, smoking was brought into new heights and established new audience to attract. Tobacco companies have taken advantage of the media, which they have, supplied billions of dollars on advertising of tobacco. These companies make smoking glamorous, fun and â€Å"cool† to the public. Along with the advertising in media, many include general surgeon message, which is in fine print that many viewers do not notice the health concerns of the use of cigarettes. Recently there has been a surge of cancer among people that antismoking campaigns have been created to end or to put a stop on these glamorous ads and tobacco companies. The opposing ads demonstrated the negative aspects of smoking, which is mainly targeted for adolescents along with statistics on the mortality rate cause by smoking. Along wi th tobacco advertising, parents were another influenced for young adults to start smoking. The rival ads such (thetruth.com) started to use parents, whom do not smoke, as the anti-smoking and anti-drug gear towards the adolescents. Over the past seven years, television ads have gotten increasingly graphic and even gruesome. In recent months, television ads have gotten more graphical which has been taken a page from a horror movie. These ads are trying to hit an objective goal of having 20,000 smokers to stop the routine. In addition, New York City has raise up the prices on its pack of cigarettes up to $10. Along with habit, it is costing New Yorkers $250 a month just on smoking cigarettes which can use that money for other needs. The government wants to reduce people from smoking and its trying its best to achieve its goal. New York Officials claim that the ads are fighting â€Å"fire with fire† when comes to widespread cigarette advertising. For instance, â€Å"The National Cancer Institute reports cigarette manufacturers spend some $37 million a day on average to hawk their product, a whopping $13.5 billion per year† (Inbar). The message that these anti-smoking campaigns are doing is expressing that someone might suffer and die from smoking but also, it may wreck someones family. In the present-day, media depicts drug use and smoking as a popular craze to do. Televisions shows and movies depict drugs and smoking as a good habit and do not state any negative consequences on the use of it. Todays audience watches these shows and movies, which get the sense that smoking and using drugs is a â€Å"cool thing to do†. For example, HBOs television â€Å"Bored to Death† and 90s cult classic movie, â€Å"Half-Baked†, depicts characters that continuous smoking marijuana throughout the whole act. Throughout these programming, it does not stated any negative aspect from smoking marijuana but instead glamorous as a drug that can be use for relaxation. Television ads depict the negative aspects of marijuana and cigerrette use as someone whom can lose their concentration, vision and can cause serious damage to their brain cells. According to Variety, Triplett writes, â€Å"A senior lawmaker, Ed Markey (D-Mass.), wants more action from Hollywood against smoking, and the Motion Picture Association of America pledged to try opening a direct dialogue on the issue. Markey wants to ask MPAA topper Dan Glickman to improvise on the following: Including antismoking public service announcements on DVDs. Certifying that no one involved during a production received anything of value for using or displaying tobacco in the film and eliminating tobacco brand imagery from movies† (Triplett). If adolescents see their favorite actors or actresses smoking, it will lead them to believe that smoking is a good thing to do or not harmful. But these changes in the movie industry will try to eliminate smoking from their movie scenes to not influence anyone about smoking. It is great idea because many adolescents look up to these celebrities as role models. INTERVENTION The intervention to reduced smoking habits has been on the community and its two aims. The reasons for the campaigns are to highlight the dangers of smoking in terms of health and to reduce the amount smoked and potential smokers in the community. The statewide tobacco prevention and education campaign launched to target audience from ages 12-17 to inform them about the harsh realities of smoking. The campaign was created along with group of teen advisors whom themselves were smokers or knew someone that smoke to get the best perception to help succeed with these ads. The funds come from tobacco tax dollars that purpose is to be used for prevention efforts. The idea for this campaign is the let the audience know that smoking can be addictive and hard to quick. Not all of the campaigns are true, as it seems. For example, Baram writes about a famous controversial spokesperson for antismoking campaign but continue to smoke after he filmed a commercial about the harm that smoking can do for a human body. Baram writes: â€Å"Skip Legault, with his tale of two heart attacks, strokes and an amputated right leg, has become the star of anti-smoking posters and commercials blanketing New York since December. But the 48-year-old former repairman isnt getting the message Legault said he still smokes up to a full pack of Marlboros every day. I cant stop smoking, Legault told ABCNEWS.com. Ive been smoking since I was 8, and Im afraid to quit. ABC†. This case of Skip Legault made national headlines because of the issue of quitting smoking is much harder than it seems† (Baram 2008). Even, addictive smokers admit that it is hard. Many people believe that they can quit on their will but it is different. The chemicals drive these smokers to smoke more because of the addiction. A marketing campaign that has been successful in getting its message across is thetruth.com. The 1997 Settlement Act mainly funded the company. It has been the number one protestor against smoking. The anti-smoking campaign consists of several ways to reach to the massive amount of audience. Each way is to attract audience on the hazards that smoking can happen to an individual. The ads are in English and Spanish, which include television ads, radio ads, posters, cinema advertising, online media, social media, and Internet advertising and original websites. FUNDING Before 1988, mass media campaigns relied on free advertising through public service announcements or short-term funding for specific campaign (Siegal 1998). These ads were not aired during prime time, which made little progress towards reaching the mass audience. The ads were heavily dependant on donation of advertising time by broadcasters. In 1988, the use of mass media for antismoking changed by voters in California approved Proposition 99. This election required that tobacco companies donated 20% of their revenue for the state to provide educational programs and increased of the state cigarette tax by 25 cents. As Warner reports, â€Å"The purpose is to demonstrate that, with various combinations of policy changes, mass media information, and smoking cessation programs, smokers can be encouraged to stop smoking, and young people can be prevented from starting to smoke† (Warner 1982, pg.378) A court settlement that changed everything for antismoking media is 1997 settlement. The background begins,in August 1997, when the Florida Gov. Lawton Chiles made an historical out of court settlement among all tobacco companies at that time. The massive payout of $11.3 billion dollars is the considered the day that the straw that broke Joe Camels back† (Grossman 1997 p.290). This settlement led to the creation of thetruth.com whom is an advertising company that campaign against smoking. In addition, the money was used to compensate the state for public health costs caused by smoking-related illnesses.† The main goal of this settlement is to provide a way to lower down the use of cigarettes among young adults and give a helping hand to adults to quit smoking. The main idea of the settlement is to educate non-smokers about the effects of smoking and the harm of its chemicals. In â€Å"Cigarette Taxes†, Grossman reports that the agreement calls on tobacco companies to: Pay billions of dollars for a host of public education and health programs; Reimburse states for the cost of treating tobacco related illnesses; Set aside a multi-billion dollar fund to compensate smokers who win individual lawsuits against the tobacco companies; and Severely curtail marketing and advertising cigarettes, especially to teenagers. All of theses changes made a significant progress in the campaign against smoking. Since the settlement, smoking has been a decline for many users as they reported that the main reason to quit were due to the informercials and mass media adverstiing. The adversiting has faced some roadblocks in the process of succeeding. For example, in 1992, Gov. Wilson suspended Californias media campaign for other purposes. In 1995 and 1996, he censored and pulled other commercials that went against tobacco companies. The motivated behind this act still remains unsolved but it would not be surprise if he were supporting tobacco companies in some form of way. Another example, Siegal reports, in 1996, Assembly Speaker Curtis Pringle introduced a bill that would have restricted the media campaign to messages dealing with health and disallowed spots attacking the tobacco industry (Siegal 1998). TYPES OF CAMPAIGNS In March of 2009, the New York State Department of Health released ads for antismoking which cost $1.2 million from the states budget. The campaigns are featured in medical journals, newspapers and other publications such as the Internet. These ads are encouraging healthcare providers to make quitting a main concern with their patients who smoke. These ads were photo-shopped that featured images of patients with oversized ears to demonstrated that smokers are willing to listen from their doctors about the hazards of smoking. The reason for these ads is to attract healthcare workers because many adolescents go for their annual physical exam. Somehow, adolescents interact with doctors and nurses and are convincing to help these young adults to stop or before they start smoking. In earlier years of advertising, anti-smoking groups and health departments have attempted to oppose the advertising of tobacco by creating their own ads to emphasize the negative effects of smoking. The commercials included smoking cessation, the increased risk of lung cancer and other hazards problems that were seen passive for other public members. However, over the years, the ads have become more aggressive and more combative against smoking. Now these ads are focused on decreased physical attractiveness such as erectile dysfunction and graphical messages such as losing fingers and black lungs. These campaigns are much targeted to the younger crowd than its predecessor. Around the globe, smokers know that smoking tobacco is bad for their nature but they continue to do it regardless of their hazards that come along with it. Current smokers that I have met stated that the number one reason that they cannot stop smoking because of they are addicted to smoking and/or the use of tobacco. Many smokers are addicted to the scent and the nicotine, whom several years ago, the tobacco companies have tried to cover it up to make more money of it. Nicotine is a stimulant form of factor that has been considered one of the worst addictions to break compare to cocaine and heroin use. It is not the only chemical involved with cigarettes but along with 4,000 chemicals is involved which can make an individual much harder to quit. Aside from the fact that cigarette smoking can damage the health of the one smoking but it can also pose serious health risks to other people in the surrounding area. A person that smokes within distance can promote second hand smoke to his peers. This situation can lead to others to walk away from the venue and/or to move away from the entire scenery. Since Mayor Bloomberg was elected, he banned all types of smoking in nightclubs; restaurants and other public places to decrease second-hand smoke and increased businesses for these places that people avoided because of the tobacco smell. Smokers should be educated on their smoking can be to those people around them, including children. This is one of the reasons that anti-smoking campaigns focused on. The campaigners wanted to stop second hand in the neighborhood to prevent cancer and asthma. The campaign for the anti-smoking will try not to use propaganda but instead promote facts about the hazards of smoking. The posters for the campaign against smoking are with feature graphics that is within accepted limits for the culture that it is intended as not to attract negative publicity. The ads do not have any racist overtones or anything that will offend the mass public. The campaign was design to attract peoples attention regardless of race, color, age, and sex. The preferred approach for advertisers is arousing fear because nothing is as vivid as violence and nothing translates as to film as horror. The tendency of media to control against open-mindedness is one of the dominant themes in media criticism. The only aim of the campaign is to distribute as much promotional campaign against smoking as possible within a very limited area. In reference from thetruth.com, they have listed celebrities and well-known actors to get the message across to viewers that smoking is not â€Å"cool†. The anti-smoking group believes that having celebrities and other well-known faces will attract a bigger audience than having a request from the government and its surgeon general. There are several message theme labels that are use in anti-smoking advertising across the border. Based on Penchmanns recent research, â€Å"The message theme labels are the following: disease and death (Smokers suffer from health effects), endangers others, (second-hand smoke), cosmetics, (unattractive side effects), smokers negative life circumstances (loser lifestyle), refusal skills role model (role models do not smoke), marketing tactics (image advertising), selling disease and death (tobacco firms use manipulation and deception to sell a product that causes harm), and substantive variation (several messages use to spread one meaning)† (Penchmann 1994, p.240). Each message theme is use in their ways by marketers and campaigners. It has proved that all of them methods none have made the effort that the â€Å"shock method† has produce. Since 2007, the New York City Department of Health launched a series of anti-smoking campaigns which included smokers quit hotline and free nicotine patch and gum clinics in certain areas at certain times throughout the year. The television ads promoted the damage smoking can do to the body. These ads were noted for their graphic nature as well as their effectiveness. Since 2008, a second series of ads launched that can be seen nearly in every subway train station. It is about â€Å"Marie† a Hispanic Middle-Aged woman whom describes the amputations and pain she has undergone in relation to developing a disease that was the effects of smoking cigarettes. Each day routine smokers die from smoking related diseases each day. In a single cigarette 4700 cancer-causing chemicals are found which are have general surgeon messages pasted on the cigarette cartons. Despite the warnings, smokers continue to smoke. Some of these chemicals include acetone, ammonia, formaldehyde and arsenic. It is disgusting that people are putting these chemicals in their bodies and lungs daily. It is a suicide waiting to happen. Earlier times, Men were to consider smokers more than women. Times have changed and now more women smoke to deal with stress or problems. In addition, social influences such as friends and partygoers are most likely to smoke. Most modern women today will agree that the demand and multiple roles they have taken on have grown over the years. It is no small wonder that many have turned to cigarettes to deal with stress. EFFECTIVENESS Although the main goal of anti-smoking media campaigns is to quit smokers to quit smoking, little evidence suggests that the role of these campaigns are helping to stop. The campaigns can provide a new insight for young people such as non-smokers and those smokers wanting to quit to lead a normal life. These campaigns cost less money than sending someone to be hospitalized or suffer severe consequences because of smoking. It is a healthier and more prosperous future for our younger generation but not all of antismoking ads are effective. Research study has shown that the most successful campaigns are exposing the tobacco industrys manipulation on young adults; focus on themes of second hand smoke and cigarette addiction (Siegal 1998). Campaigns that simply say, â€Å"do not smoke† are the least successful because it not reinforcing adolescents to experience making decisions and the ability to grow up. For example, â€Å"most adolescents want to appear mature, independent, sav vy, attractive, and cool, and many think that not smoking will help them realize these goals. Smokers Negative Life Circumstances messages suggest that smoking is a barrier to achieving [these] goals (Penchmann 2003, p.10). These ads are effective in their own ways that likely to change someones thoughts on the idea of smoking. STATUS AND IMPACT The question is, â€Å"Does anti-smoking ads work?† It is a tough question to answer because there is no direct link that it does work. As Ms. Garcia, whom I interviewed, stated that â€Å"these aids are not working and the campaigners should find other ways to attract its audience.† The antismoking ads offer two ways that it can spread it messages. The messages are if a person smokes than that person would not succeed in life and if you do not smoke, you would be successful in life. The Tobacco remains one of the most widely abused substances. After writing this report and reading other research articles related to this topic, I found there is at least a connection with anti-smoking campaigns and decreased use of smoking among adolescents. For example, smoking is at historically low among groups of ages over 12 years old compared to the late 1990s when the campaign started. Many people believe because of the increased advertisements and its graphical nature has made i nfluenced in these changes. Most of the advertisements are found on during times that young adults are at home usually after school programming to get their attention. Before, it used to seen at various times of day. I believe it has made impact among our future generation and as long the government keeps pumping money into the campaign, I feel lower down smoking use but never fade it away. These ads had made an impact in society. When people are asked about these anti-smoking ads, their first impression is to mention the graphical nature that it has. Even younger adults have stated that, â€Å"if their lungs are going to turn black because of smoking, might as well not even start†. But not everyone agrees that these ads are effective, as it seems to be. For instance, Pearman Parker writes, They can [be effective], though, when they reinforce the perception that their close friends listen and respond to the campaigns.† In addition, Parker reports that the ads have been effective on younger teens but not towards adults. Parker writes, â€Å"Adults know it is unhealthy and knows what can happen to them but that does not change their behaviors.† Overall, anti-smoking has made big impact since 1998 with its â€Å"shock method†, it keep evolving and changing as time goes by. The ads that are picture in the campaign can be viewed as personal testimonials from smokers whom are having the negative side effects from smoking. In these ads, real people tell their own stories about the negative impacts that have cause throughout their lifetime. The main message to get across the audience is provide a sadness or fear mood. Teenagers are more bound to learn from personal testimonials because it provides some sort of realness to the picture of the negative effects of smoking. CONCLUSION: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS According Penchmanns recent study done in 2002, â€Å"our findings to date suggest that tobacco-marketing (anti-industry) advertisement may not be especially effective with adolescents, though such advertisements are popular, in part because of the apparent success of the Florida Truth campaign.† It has been proven that The Truth Campaign has been the most successful in decreasing smoking habits among adolescents. Anti-smoking campaigns have other free options to promote their cause against smokers and the tobacco industry. The funds that the campaigners get can be use to provide free addiction clinics and research studies to help smokers on how to quit. As newspapers are fading away such as, their revenues have fallen 23% over the last two year (The State of News Media). Anti-smoking campaigns can push for interactive ways using social media and social networking. They can promote and advertise on MySpace, Twitter and Facebook to get users to join the campaign and give awaren ess of the health hazard on tobacco. For instance, social networking can reach to the other audiences especially to the crowd that attracts the most of its first-users are the adolescents. Another way of social media that antismoking campaigners can use is YouTube to gain more audiences. According to Hempel, â€Å"YouTube is the largest video platform in the world (Hempel 37).† People behind the campaign can run concepts such as viral campaigns with homemade videos. The adolescent group is the most users of social networking and the anti-smoking campaign can promote their product with graphical ads that can catch their eyes. Using social media will be a great way to interact with young adults. For example, using Facebook Connect, the creators can create an ad that collects the users information and create a video on the hazards of smoking tobacco with the information use of the viewer. Only the viewer will get to see the commercial ad to avoid controversy with others watching it unless the person wants to show to the mass. In conclusion, anti-smoking advertisements have been a great topic to cover throughout the research. It has its positives and negatives on certain areas that affect various groups throughout the New York State and the nation as a whole. Many researchers oppose that the campaign has not been working because of the massive funds that the government invested since the 1997 settlement. In addition, many campaigners agreed that the campaign is positively proceeding to a certain extent because of the decline of smoking users have gone down. The percentage is not big but it shows that it is effective. The question to answer is what is the status and impact on adolescents by the anti-smoking campaign? The status is the campaign is still trying to attract adolescents not to smoke and the impact has that many young adults have been listening to these ads especially of the shock method nature of it. Will it succeed to stop people from smoking? The true answer is no because of the addictive chem icals involved in tobacco will make smokers hard to quit. As Penchman writes, â€Å"It is conceivable that advertising that is ineffective on its own becomes effective when combined with other effort.† The campaign needs to develop a strategy to help people to quit. As Ms. Karp from MSNBC reports, that the Internet outlet is the best source to use to expand advertising strategy. For instance, withdrawal clinics, nicotine patches, non-for-profit outpatient treatment can help smokers in many places that the campaign is not helping. Overall, the anti-smoking is making an impact among all people and the status of campaign will become stronger because it is here to stay. Bibliography 2009 Join us in our Anti Smoking Campaign because Its Time To Quit Smoking Healthy Living on Shine. Astrology | Horoscopes, Celebrity Horoscopes, Chinese Astrology, Compatibility Tools, and Gift Guides on Shine. Web. 01 Nov. 2009. . Baram, Marcus. Star of Anti-Smoking Campaign Still Puffs. ABC News. 11 Jan. 2008. Web. . Note: The article helps me understand it is hard to quit smoking. The fellow interviewed in the article was seen in an antismoking ad early in the year but still smokes today. The author writes about the hardships of quitting smoking and advertisements are not what it seems to be. Berger, Arthur Asa. Media and Communication Research Methods. SAGE 2000. Pgs 3 173. CBC. Anti-smoking campaigns apparently have little effect on youth. CBC.ca. CBC News. Web. 01 Nov. 2009. . Note: The article is based from Alberta, Canada. This website was helpful because it gave a different point of view from the ant-smoking campaign. It helps me understand the two sides from the debate and on the reasons on why it is not working. Elhart, Mary. Statewide Anti-Smoking Campaign Takes New Approach in Curbing Teen Smoking | Reuters. Reuters.com. Arizona Department of Health Services Bureau of Tobacco Education Prevention, 16 Feb. 2009. Web. 01 Nov. 2009. . Note: The author of this article discusses new ways that the antismoking campaigns can evolve. The author mentions different areas where the campaign is lacking and to make it stronger to decrease smokers. Grohol, John. Scare or Disgust Work Best in Anti-Smoking Ads | Psych Central News. Psych Central. 17 Nov. 2008. Web. 01 Nov. 2009. . Note: Grohol discusses the â€Å"shock method† message that can be seen in antismoking advertising. It is helpful because it mentions different ads in their shock message. The shock method is one of the most effective techniques found in advertising. Grossman, Michael and Frank J. Chaloupka. â€Å"Cigarette Taxes: The Straw to Break the Camels Back† Public Health Reports (1974-), Vol. 112, No. 4 (Jul. Aug., 1997), pp. 290-297. Association of Schools of Public Health Hall, Nicholas G., John C. Hershey, Larry G. Kessler, R. Craig Stotts. â€Å"A Model for Making Project Funding Decisions at the National Cancer Institute† Vol. 40, No. 6 (Nov. Dec., 1992), pp. 1040-1052 Source: Operations Research,